Mehdi Zibaei
Abstract
In the plethora of countries of the Middle East, the entity that nowadays is known as the modern state seriously is different from the primary pattern that has been shaped within more than three centuries in West Europe. One of the signs of the modern state is the exclusive use of physical force by the ...
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In the plethora of countries of the Middle East, the entity that nowadays is known as the modern state seriously is different from the primary pattern that has been shaped within more than three centuries in West Europe. One of the signs of the modern state is the exclusive use of physical force by the political authority; this point in the European pattern was formed by the process of bargaining between social forces and statesmen. While the active social forces in the modern Middle East had so little role in institutionalizing physical forces in the state’s hands. Now, the matter is that why the state-making process and consolidating procedure of state exclusive on the physical forces in the mentioned regions (West Europe and the Middle East) had a different history. It seems the role of international actors in shaping the Middle East modern state has caused that most part of the regional states is relied on despotic power rather than infrastructure power. The first is focused on social trends and the latter is based on coercion. This work intends alongside pointing to the rival perspectives on the emerging modern state within Historical Sociology as an analytical framework, to study the roots of the emerging modern state in the current Middle East behind the Historical Sociology of International Relations (HSIR) lenses.
Mehdi Zibaei
Abstract
According to the International Monetary Fund forecasts, the Middle Eastern economy will shrink by 5.2 percent in 2020 compared to the previous year due to Covid-19. These statistics, which are just one part of the devastating result of the spread of the corona virus in the international arena, show the ...
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According to the International Monetary Fund forecasts, the Middle Eastern economy will shrink by 5.2 percent in 2020 compared to the previous year due to Covid-19. These statistics, which are just one part of the devastating result of the spread of the corona virus in the international arena, show the most unprecedented recession in the Middle East. Although the initiative of governments to restrict social mobility has curbed the spread of the virus in question, it also disrupts the production process and deepens destitution in the region. The question now is how the quarantine programs of the regional governments have caused the GDP reduction and the domestic recession. It seems that the implementation of control programs to prevent the spread of the corona virus at both the regional and international levels has disrupted the global value chain. On the one hand, this situation disrupted the supply of goods and services in domestic economies, and on the other hand, it reduced demand on a large scale. The crystallization of the existing conditions can be well seen in the declining trend of investment and foreign trade, falling oil prices, remittances and the tourism industry in the region more than other sectors. In the light of the theory of interdependence from the subset of liberal international political economy and in the framework of the quantitative analysis method based on figures and statistical data provided by international monetary institutions over the past year, this article intends to examine the effects of internal and external control constraints of governments on the Middle Eastern economy.
Mehdi Zibaei
Abstract
It was expected in the light of Arab Uprisings that the authoritarian regimes gave way to the democratic ones and this changing had led to raising the potent states. But, it was resulted in forming the incapable state within the Arab republics and consolidating regime of the oil-rich monarchies. On the ...
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It was expected in the light of Arab Uprisings that the authoritarian regimes gave way to the democratic ones and this changing had led to raising the potent states. But, it was resulted in forming the incapable state within the Arab republics and consolidating regime of the oil-rich monarchies. On the one hand, shaping failed states in Syria and Yemen put the Middle East regional system on the verge of collapsing. On the other hand, quelling protests by Saudi and Bahrain regimes showed that in these societies there is not any organic relation between authorities and crowd. By and large, the modern state not only bears central authority in the home but is the first actor in the international milieu. It has a significant role in keeping order within the country and forming the balance of power in the international realm. Therefore, by taking more information about the quality of relationship between the Arab uprisings and state as an entity one makes more perception over the Middle East international relations. This essay seeks to comprehend the impressions of Arab uprisings on the state that went through changes. Again, this work is tried to study this relation through the Historical Sociology of International Relations (HSIR)' lenses.
